In the video Linear transformations as matrices, what it’s trying to tell me in this pic?
Are we using any matrix operation here? I don’t get it, what is this operation?

It is matrix multiply, right? In each case, you are multiplying a 2 x 2 matrix by a 2 x 1 vector to produce the output 2 x 1 vector.
No it doesn’t. That would give you [0 ,2], right? What is an incognito matrix?
Matrix multiply is not commutative. The operation you show is not what is done on the slide. There they are doing it in the opposite order and that will give you [0, 2] as a column vector. They are solving for M \cdot v which gives the desired output. The order matters.
So in what scenario we do v *M? could you give me some example? Or normally the vector linear transformation is always done by M * v
This is basically a choice that Prof Luis has made, but that is the way that everyone does it when they are expressing linear transformations as matrix multiplies.