Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning that involves training artificial neural networks (ANNs) with numerous layers (deep architectures) to learn representations of data. These neural networks are composed of multiple layers of interconnected nodes (neurons) that process information in a hierarchical manner.
The term “deep” in deep learning refers to the multiple layers through which data is transformed. Each layer in a deep neural network learns to extract different levels of abstraction or features from the input data. The hidden layers enable the network to automatically learn representations of the data, gradually improving its ability to recognize patterns, make predictions, or perform tasks without explicit programming.
Deep learning has achieved significant success in various domains, including computer vision, natural language processing (NLP), speech recognition, recommender systems, and more. Some popular deep learning architectures include Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image recognition, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for sequential data, and Transformers for language processing tasks.
Training deep neural networks often requires substantial amounts of data and computational resources, and it involves techniques like backpropagation, gradient descent, and various optimization algorithms to adjust the network’s parameters for better performance.