Hey @Hokie81,
I haven’t done the previous course myself, but as per my knowledge, the previous course focused majorly on Supervised Learning, and that too Machine Learning. In this specialization, you will see a glimpse of Deep Learning, Unsupervised Learning (Clustering, Anomaly Detection), Recommender Systems and Reinforcement Learning, something which was not focused on in the earlier course.
Also, as @Mohamed_khaled_badr mentioned, Python has replaced Octave, and one of the major algorithms has been dropped from the original course, SVM. If you want to know more about why it has been dropped, you may check this thread out.
I hope this helps.
Cheers,
Elemento